Zinc sulfamate antiperspirant



Patented Feb. 19, 1952 ZINC SULFAMATE AN TIPERSPIRAN T Lester D.Apperson, Convent Station, N. J., as-

signor to Colgate-Palmolive-Peet Company, Jersey City, N. J acorporation of Delaware No Drawing. Application May 3, 1949, Serial No.91,217

4 Claims. (Cl. 16790) This invention relates to cosmetic astringentcompositions and more particularly to improvements in anti-perspirantpreparations.

Among the many anti-perspirants described as having the property ofretarding or inhibiting the flow of perspiration the most effective havebeen found heretofore to be those containing polyvalent metal salts ofstrong inorganic acids, e. g. hydrochloric, sulfuric, etc. Cosmeticpreparations containing salts of these strong acids, however, have thevery serious disadvantage of being corrosive to clothing fabric, e. g.,portions of garments which come in contact with areas of the body onwhich the preparation is applied. This corrosive action is especiallynoticeable on fabrics containing cellulosic materials such as cotton,rayon and the like. The corrosive effect that is detrimental to fabricsmanifests itself particularly where the clothing portion carrying someof the anti-perspirant material is ironed or otherwise subjected to arelatively high temperature before removal of the anti-perspirantpreparation. Even long continued contact at ordinary temperature ofcosmetic preparations containing salts of these mineral acids causeweakening or deterioration of the clothing fabric.

Of the many salts which have been proposed for use as anti-perspirants,aluminum chloride and aluminum sulfate are by far the most commonly usedand have heretofore been considered to be the most efiective. show highcorrosive action on cotton fabrics. This corrosive action is so severethat considerable research and investigation has been directed to asatisfactory reduction of the corrosive action without simultaneouslyreducing the anti-per-' spirant effectiveness of the salts. Because ofits less corrosive action, aluminum sulfate is generally preferred overaluminum chloride.

It has now been discovered that zinc sulfamate is a very efficaciousperspiration retardant and, more significantly, it has been observed tohave practically no tendering or discoloring action on clothing fabric.Test data have further indicated that zinc sulfamate preparationsproduce definitely superior results in inhibiting or retardingperspiration when compared with like preparations which contain aluminumsulfate.

To secure such data, specific areas of skin of a number of humansubjects were treated daily over a definite period and the perspirationinhibiting efiects for aluminum sulfate and zinc sulfamate wereevaluated. The perspiration from equal comparable areas of skin with andwithout anti-perspirant treatment was periodically collected andweighed. For each measurement a per cent of perspiration-lesseningeffect However, both salts was found by dividing the number representingthe difference between the weight of perspiration on an untreated areaand the weight of perspiration on a like area treated withantiperspirant material by the weight of perspiration on the untreatedarea, and then multiplying the quotient obtained by one hundred.

The results obtained from the tests showed that zinc sulfamate was fromtwo to four or more times as effective as aluminum sulfate whencomparable concentrations were used. In addition there is the importantadvantage that zinc sulfamate does not cause discoloration and has avery low tendering-action on fabric, antiperspirant preparationscontaining zinc sulfamate as the astringent may be used without theaddition of corrosion or discoloration inhibiting agents.

In accordance with the present invention, the novel perspirationinhibiting or retarding preparation comprises essentially zinc sulfamateas the anti-perspirant ingredient and water and preferably an additionalagent to provide a product having certain desirable properties. Theantiperspirant preparation may be prepared and marketed in any desiredform, for example as an emulsion, suspension, solution, salve, cream,10- tion, and the like, and they may be compounded in any suitablemanner.

The proportion of zinc sulfamate to the total composition may be ratherwidely varied and depends to some extent upon the particular type ofpreparation, frequency of use, preferred concentration and othervariable factors. In general, a composition should contain suflicientzinc sulfamate to be effective when the usual amount of the preparationis applied to the skin and no more should be present than can be held insolution in the aqueous phase. Satisfactory results may be obtained incompositions in which the proportionate quantity of zinc sulfamateincorporated ranges between about 5% and by weight of theanti-perspirant preparation, and preferably comprises about 10 to 30% byweight.

The additional agent comprises one or more materials for impartingdesirable properties to the preparation including a wetting agent tofacilitate application of the preparation to the skin; pigment; filler;emollient; preservative; perfume; fatty material to form an oily phasefor cream, salve, emulsion and like types of preparations; etc.

Zinc sulfamate may be incorporated into cream bases of widely varyingcomposition. Generally speaking, sucha cream includes an oily oroleaginous phase held in dispersion in an aqueous phase containing theanti-perspirant by one or more suitable emulsifying agents. The oilyphase may include such materials as natural and synthetic oils, fats andwaxes, e. g. spermaceti, palmityl palmitate, polymerized ethylene oxide(Carbowax), paraflin, sterols, mineral oils, vegetable oils and otheresters of fatty acids, etc. Glyerine, propylene glycol, sorbitol and thelike emollients may also be present.

Any suitable emulsifying agent may be employed which is sufficientlystable in acid media. Examples of emulsifying agents which have beenfound useful in preparing creams are: partial esters of fatty acids withglycerine glycol or other polyhydric alcohol, preferably in combinationwith a stabilizer such as sodiumv monosulfate monoglyceride or coconutoil fatty acids, diethyloleylamide phosphate, sodium lauryl sulfate,sodium alkyl aromatic sulfonate, etc.

As specific examples of preparations embodying the principles of thisinvention the following are given without intending to be limitedthereby. The parts indicated are by weight.

Example 1 Examples of suitable zinc sulfamate anti-perspirant solutionswhich may be used in liquid form as a lotion or as the water phase in acream of emulsion-type preparation, such as described in Examples 1 to5, are as follows, the parts bein by Weight:

Example 6 Parts Zinc sulfamate 16.0 Sodium salt of sulfatedmonoglyceride of coconut oil fatty acids 1.5 Water 32.5

Example 7 Parts Zinc sulfamate 16.0 Sodium lauryl sulfate 1.5 Water 32.5

Example 8 Parts Zinc sulfamate 16.0 Sodium fi-oleylethane-amidsulfonate1.5 Water 32.5

" effective amounts of glycerine, fatty material,

Parts Acid stabilized glyoeryl monostearate 15.0 Spermacetic wax", 5.0Sodium lanryl sulfate 1.5 Titanium dioxide 0.5 Zinc sulfamate 16.0 Water55.0

- Acid stabilized giyceryl monostearate comprises glyc eryl monostearateand a small amount (2 to 5% by wt.) of diethyloleylamid phosphate,

. Example 2 Parts Diethylene glycol monostearate; l, r 15.0 Spermaceti l5.0

Glycerine Sodium salt of sulfated monoglyceride of coconut oilfattyacids, 25 Titanium dioxide 0.5 Zinc s uliam' ate v 15.0 Water 54.0

Emample 3 Parts Glyceryl palr ni tate v 15.0 Palmityl palmitate 3.0Glycerine 2.0 Sodium salt of sulfated monoglyceride of coconut oil fattyacids 3.0 Titanium dioxide 0.5, Zinc sulfamate 14.0 Water 50.0

Example 4 Parts Acid stabilized glyceryl monostearate 12.0 SpermaceticWax 3.0 Stearyl alcohol 2.0 Sodium ,8-oleylethane-amidsu1ionate (IgeponT) 3.0 Glycerine 2.5v Zinc sulfamate 2,2,5. Water s 56.0

Example 5 Pa Glyceryl monostearate 12.0 Spermaceti wax 4.0 Glycerine2.5. Sodium salt of sulfated monoglyceride of' hydrogenated coconut oilfatty. acids 2.5 Titanium dioxide 0.8 Zinc sulfamate 25.0 Water '..L153:0

perfume, water-soluble salts, or mixtures thereof, may be incorporatedwhich do not cause precipitation of the zinc sulfamate or otherwise ad-A versely affect the anti-perspirant properties of the preparation.

Aqueous solutions of zinc sulfamate suitable for use in compounding theanti-perspirant compositions of the invention may be prepared byappropriate methods, such as by reacting an equiv alent amount ofsulfamic acid in water with zinc oxide to give a solution of zincsulfamate. Another method which may be used comprises the reaction ofbarium suliamate in an aqueous medium with an equivalent amount of zincsulfate to form insoluble barium sulfate which may be removed to leave aclear solution of zinc sulfamate. Aqueous solutions also may be prepareddirectly from the salt. A suitable salt which may be used for thispurpose consists of zinc sulfamate crystals containing four moles ofwater per mole of zinc sulfamate.

Although the invention has been described in detail and exemplified by anumber of examples, it will be understood that the principles of theinvention may be made use of by utilizing zinc sulfamate with modifiedfprmulae such as will occur to those skilled in the art.

What is claimed is:

l. A perspiration inhibiting or retarding preparation consistingessentially of zinc sulfamate as the essential anti-perspirantingredient in any eifective amount from about 5 to 60% by weight,surface active material having a long aliphatic chain, and water.

2. A cosmetic preparation consisting essential.- ly of oleaginous phase,an aqueous phase having zinc sulfamate dissolved therein in an effectiveamount from about. 5 to 60% by weight to inhibit or retard perspirationwhen the preparation is applied to human skin, and surface activematerial to hold said phases in stable emulsion,

as an anti-perspirant ingredient in an effective amount from about 5 to60% by weight of the cosmetic preparation. 4. A cosmetic preparation inthe form of a cream emulsion for inhibiting or retarding perspirationcomprising a fcream emulsion of an oleaginous phase held in dispersionin an aqueous phase, anlacid stable emulsif agent there- !or to maintainsaid emulsi sential anti-perspirant ingredie 'nc sultamate in anefiective amount from abontfi to about 60% by weightin solution in saidaqueous phase.

LESTER D. APPERSON.

REFERENCES CITED The following references are of record in the me ofthis patent:

6 UNITED STATES PATENTS Number Name Date 1,621,528 Ellis Mar. 22, 19272,236,387 Wallace Mar. 25, 1941 2,395,472 Fernald Feb. 26, 19462,504,107 Christian Apr. 18, 1950 OTHER REFERENCES 'I'homssen: ModernCosmetics (1947), pages 211-212.

Oberhauser: Chemical Abstracts, v01. 41, page 1944 (1947).

Choguill: Chemical Abstracts, vol. 34, page 5351 (1940).

Bennett: Chemical Formulary, vol. 8 (1948), page 75.

2. A COSMETIC PREPARATION CONSISTING ESSENTIALLY OF OLEAGINOUS PHASE, ANAQUEOUS PHASE HAVING ZINC SULFAMATE DISSOLVED THEREIN IN AN EFFECTIVEAMOUNT FROM ABOUT 5 TO 60% BY WEIGHT TO INHIBIT OR RETARD PERSPIRATIONWHEN THE PREPARATION IS APPLIED TO HUMAN SKIN, AND SURFACE ACTIVEMATERIAL TO HOLD SAID PHASES IN STABLE EMULSION, SAID SURFACE ACTIVEMATERIAL HAVING A LONG ALIPHATIC CHAIN.